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7.
1
I will declare the duties of kings, (and) show how a king should conduct himself, how he was created, and how (he can obtain) highest success.
- राजधर्मान्प्रवक्ष्यामि यथावृत्तो भवेन्नृपः ।
संभवश्च यथा तस्य सिद्धिश्च परमा यथा । । ७.१ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
2
A Kshatriya, who has received according to the rule the sacrament prescribed by the Veda, must duly protect this whole (world).
- ब्राह्मं प्राप्तेन संस्कारं क्षत्रियेण यथाविधि ।
सर्वस्यास्य यथान्यायं कर्तव्यं परिरक्षणम् । । ७.२ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
3
For, when these creatures, being without a king, through fear dispersed in all directions, the Lord created a king for the protection of this whole (creation),
- अराजके हि लोकेऽस्मिन्सर्वतो विद्रुतो भयात् ।
रक्षार्थं अस्य सर्वस्य राजानं असृजत्प्रभुः । । ७.३ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
4
Taking (for that purpose) eternal particles of Indra, of the Wind, of Yama, of the Sun, of Fire, of Varuna, of the Moon, and of the Lord of wealth (Kubera).
- इन्द्रानिलयमार्काणां अग्नेश्च वरुणस्य च ।
चन्द्रवित्तेशयोश्चैव मात्रा निर्हृत्य शाश्वतीः । । ७.४ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
5
Because a king has been formed of particles of those lords of the gods, he therefore surpasses all created beings in lustre;
- यस्मादेषां सुरेन्द्राणां मात्राभ्यो निर्मितो नृपः ।
तस्मादभिभवत्येष सर्वभूतानि तेजसा । । ७.५ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
6
And, like the sun, he burns eyes and hearts; nor can anybody on earth even gaze on him.
- तपत्यादित्यवच्चैष चक्षूंषि च मनांसि च ।
न चैनं भुवि शक्नोति कश्चिदप्यभिवीक्षितुम् । । ७.६ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
7
Through his (supernatural) power he is Fire and Wind, he Sun and Moon, he the Lord of justice (Yama), he Kubera, he Varuna, he great Indra.
- सोऽग्निर्भवति वायुश्च सोऽर्कः सोमः स धर्मराट् ।
स कुबेरः स वरुणः स महेन्द्रः प्रभावतः । । ७.७ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
8
Even an infant king must not be despised, (from an idea) that he is a (mere) mortal; for he is a great deity in human form.
- बालोऽपि नावमान्तव्यो मनुष्य इति भूमिपः ।
महती देवता ह्येषा नररूपेण तिष्ठति । । ७.८ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
9
Fire burns one man only, if he carelessly approaches it, the fire of a king's (anger) consumes the (whole) family, together with its cattle and its hoard of property.
- एकं एव दहत्यग्निर्नरं दुरुपसर्पिणम् ।
कुलं दहति राजाग्निः सपशुद्रव्यसंचयम् । । ७.९ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
10
Having fully considered the purpose, (his) power, and the place and the time, he assumes by turns many (different) shapes for the complete attainment of justice.
- कार्यं सोऽवेक्ष्य शक्तिं च देशकालौ च तत्त्वतः ।
कुरुते धर्मसिद्ध्यर्थं विश्वरूपं पुनः पुनः । । ७.१० । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
11
He, in whose favour resides Padma, the goddess of fortune, in whose valour dwells victory, in whose anger abides death, is formed of the lustre of all (gods).
- यस्य प्रसादे पद्मा श्रीर्विजयश्च पराक्रमे ।
मृत्युश्च वसति क्रोधे सर्वतेजोमयो हि सः । । ७.११ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
12
The (man), who in his exceeding folly hates him, will doubtlessly perish; for the king quickly makes up his mind to destroy such (a man).
- तं यस्तु द्वेष्टि संमोहात्स विनश्यत्यसंशयम् ।
तस्य ह्याशु विनाशाय राजा प्रकुरुते मनः । । ७.१२ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
50
Drinking, dice, women, and hunting, these four (which have been enumerated) in succession, he must know to be the most pernicious in the set that springs from love of pleasure.
- पानं अक्षाः स्त्रियश्चैव मृगया च यथाक्रमम् ।
एतत्कष्टतमं विद्याच्चतुष्कं कामजे गणे । । ७.५० । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
51
Doing bodily injury, reviling, and the seizure of property, these three he must know to be the most pernicious in the set produced by wrath.
- दण्डस्य पातनं चैव वाक्पारुष्यार्थदूषणे ।
क्रोधजेऽपि गणे विद्यात्कष्टं एतत्त्रिकं सदा । । ७.५१ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
52
A self-controlled (king) should know that in this set of seven, which prevails everywhere, each earlier-named vice is more abominable (than those named later).
- सप्तकस्यास्य वर्गस्य सर्वत्रैवानुषङ्गिणः ।
पूर्वं पूर्वं गुरुतरं विद्याद्व्यसनं आत्मवान् । । ७.५२ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
53
(On a comparison) between vice and death, vice is declared to be more pernicious; a vicious man sinks to the nethermost (hell), he who dies, free from vice, ascends to heaven.
- व्यसनस्य च मृत्योश्च व्यसनं कष्टं उच्यते ।
व्यसन्यधोऽधो व्रजति स्वर्यात्यव्यसनी मृतः । । ७.५३ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
54
Let him appoint seven or eight ministers whose ancestors have been royal servants, who are versed in the sciences, heroes skilled in the use of weapons and descended from (noble) families and who have been tried.
- मौलाञ् शास्त्रविदः शूरांल्लब्धलक्षान्कुलोद्भवान् ।
सचिवान्सप्त चाष्टौ वा प्रकुर्वीत परीक्षितान् । । ७.५४ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
55
Even an undertaking easy (in itself) is (sometimes) hard to be accomplished by a single man; how much (harder is it for a king), especially (if he has) no assistant, (to govern) a kingdom which yields great revenues.
- अपि यत्सुकरं कर्म तदप्येकेन दुष्करम् ।
विशेषतोऽसहायेन किं तु राज्यं महोदयम् । । ७.५५ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
110
As the weeder plucks up the weeds and preserves the corn, even so let the king protect his kingdom and destroy his opponents.
- सामादीनां उपायानां चतुर्णां अपि पण्डिताः ।
सामदण्डौ प्रशंसन्ति नित्यं राष्ट्राभिवृद्धये । । ७.१०९[११०ं] । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
111
That king who through folly rashly oppresses his kingdom, (will), together with his relatives, ere long be deprived of his life and of his kingdom.
- यथोद्धरति निर्दाता कक्षं धान्यं च रक्षति ।
तथा रक्षेन्नृपो राष्ट्रं हन्याच्च परिपन्थिनः । । ७.११०[१११ं] । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
112
As the lives of living creatures are destroyed by tormenting their bodies, even so the lives of kings are destroyed by their oppressing their kingdoms.
- मोहाद्राजा स्वराष्ट्रं यः कर्षयत्यनवेक्षया ।
सोऽचिराद्भ्रश्यते राज्याज्जीविताच्च सबान्धवः । । ७.१११[११२ं] । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
113
In governing his kingdom let him always observe the (following) rules; for a king who governs his kingdom well, easily prospers.
- शरीरकर्षणात्प्राणाः क्षीयन्ते प्राणिनां यथा ।
तथा राज्ञां अपि प्राणाः क्षीयन्ते राष्ट्रकर्षणात् । । ७.११२[११३ं] । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
114
Let him place a company of soldiers, commanded (by a trusty officer), the midst of two, three, five or hundreds of villages, (to be) a protection of the kingdom.
- राष्ट्रस्य संग्रहे नित्यं विधानं इदं आचरेत् ।
सुसंगृहीतराष्ट्रे हि पार्थिवः सुखं एधते । । ७.११३[११४ं] । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
115
Let him appoint a lord over (each) village, as well as lords of ten villages, lords of twenty, lords of a hundred, and lords of a thousand.
- द्वयोस्त्रयाणां पञ्चानां मध्ये गुल्मं अधिष्ठितम् ।
तथा ग्रामशतानां च कुर्याद्राष्ट्रस्य संग्रहम् । । ७.११४[११५ं] । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
116
The lord of one village himself shall inform the lord of ten villages of the crimes committed in his village, and the ruler of ten (shall make his report) to the ruler of twenty.
- ग्रामस्याधिपतिं कुर्याद्दशग्रामपतिं तथा ।
विंशतीशं शतेशं च सहस्रपतिं एव च । । ७.११५[११६ं] । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
117
But the ruler of twenty shall report all such (matters) to the lord of a hundred, and the lord of a hundred shall himself give information to the lord of a thousand.
- ग्रामदोषान्समुत्पन्नान्ग्रामिकः शनकैः स्वयम् ।
शंसेद्ग्रामदशेशाय दशेशो विंशतीशिने । । ७.११६[११७ं] । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
13
Let no (man), therefore, transgress that law which favourites, nor (his orders) which inflict pain on those in disfavour.
- तस्माद्धर्मं यं इष्टेषु स व्यवस्येन्नराधिपः ।
अनिष्टं चाप्यनिष्टेषु तं धर्मं न विचालयेत् । । ७.१३ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
14
For the (king's) sake the Lord formerly created his own son, Punishment, the protector of all creatures, (an incarnation of) the law, formed of Brahman's glory.
- तस्यार्थे सर्वभूतानां गोप्तारं धर्मं आत्मजम् ।
ब्रह्मतेजोमयं दण्डं असृजत्पूर्वं ईश्वरः । । ७.१४ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
15
Through fear of him all created beings, both the immovable and the movable, allow themselves to be enjoyed and swerve not from their duties.
- तस्य सर्वाणि भूतानि स्थावराणि चराणि च ।
भयाद्भोगाय कल्पन्ते स्वधर्मान्न चलन्ति च । । ७.१५ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
16
Having fully considered the time and the place (of the offence), the strength and the knowledge (of the offender), let him justly inflict that (punishment) on men who act unjustly.
- तं देशकालौ शक्तिं च विद्यां चावेक्ष्य तत्त्वतः ।
यथार्हतः संप्रणयेन्नरेष्वन्यायवर्तिषु । । ७.१६ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
17
Punishment is (in reality) the king (and) the male, that the manager of affairs, that the ruler, and that is called the surety for the four orders' obedience to the law.
- स राजा पुरुषो दण्डः स नेता शासिता च सः ।
चतुर्णां आश्रमाणां च धर्मस्य प्रतिभूः स्मृतः । । ७.१७ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
18
Punishment alone governs all created beings, punishment alone protects them, punishment watches over them while they sleep; the wise declare punishment (to be identical with) the law.
- दण्डः शास्ति प्रजाः सर्वा दण्ड एवाभिरक्षति ।
दण्डः सुप्तेषु जागर्ति दण्डं धर्मं विदुर्बुधाः । । ७.१८ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
19
If (punishment) is properly inflicted after (due) consideration, it makes all people happy; but inflicted without consideration, it destroys everything.
- समीक्ष्य स धृतः सम्यक्सर्वा रञ्जयति प्रजाः ।
असमीक्ष्य प्रणीतस्तु विनाशयति सर्वतः । । ७.१९ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
20
If the king did not, without tiring, inflict punishment on those worthy to be punished, the stronger would roast the weaker, like fish on a spit;
- यदि न प्रणयेद्राजा दण्डं दण्ड्येष्वतन्द्रितः ।
शूले मत्स्यानिवापक्ष्यन्दुर्बलान्बलवत्तराः । । ७.२० । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
21
The crow would eat the sacrificial cake and the dog would lick the sacrificial viands, and ownership would not remain with any one, the lower ones would (usurp the place of) the higher ones.
- अद्यात्काकः पुरोडाशं श्वा च लिह्याद्धविस्तथा ।
स्वाम्यं च न स्यात्कस्मिंश्चित्प्रवर्तेताधरोत्तरम् । । ७.२१ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
22
The whole world is kept in order by punishment, for a guiltless man is hard to find; through fear of punishment the whole world yields the enjoyments (which it owes).
- सर्वो दण्डजितो लोको दुर्लभो हि शुचिर्नरः ।
दण्डस्य हि भयात्सर्वं जगद्भोगाय कल्पते । । ७.२२ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
23
The gods, the Danavas, the Gandharvas, the Rakshasas, the bird and snake deities even give the enjoyments (due from them) only, if they are tormented by (the fear of) punishment.
- देवदानवगन्धर्वा रक्षांसि पतगोरगाः ।
तेऽपि भोगाय कल्पन्ते दण्डेनैव निपीडिताः । । ७.२३ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
24
All castes (varna) would be corrupted (by intermixture), all barriers would be broken through, and all men would rage (against each other) in consequence of mistakes with respect to punishment.
- दुष्येयुः सर्ववर्णाश्च भिद्येरन्सर्वसेतवः ।
सर्वलोकप्रकोपश्च भवेद्दण्डस्य विभ्रमात् । । ७.२४ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
25
But where Punishment with a black hue and red eyes stalks about, destroying sinners, there the subjects are not disturbed, provided that he who inflicts it discerns well.
- यत्र श्यामो लोहिताक्षो दण्डश्चरति पापहा ।
प्रजास्तत्र न मुह्यन्ति नेता चेत्साधु पश्यति । । ७.२५ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
26
They declare that king to be a just inflicter of punishment, who is truthful, who acts after due consideration, who is wise, and who knows (the respective value of) virtue, pleasure, and wealth.
- तस्याहुः संप्रणेतारं राजानं सत्यवादिनम् ।
समीक्ष्यकारिणं प्राज्ञं धर्मकामार्थकोविदम् । । ७.२६ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
27
A king who properly inflicts (punishment), prospers with respect to (those) three (means of happiness); but he who is voluptuous, partial, and deceitful will be destroyed, even through the (unjust) punishment (which he inflicts).
- तं राजा प्रणयन्सम्यक्त्रिवर्गेणाभिवर्धते ।
कामात्मा विषमः क्षुद्रो दण्डेनैव निहन्यते । । ७.२७ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
28
Punishment (possesses) a very bright lustre, and is hard to be administered by men with unimproved minds; it strikes down the king who swerves from his duty, together with his relatives.
- दण्डो हि सुमहत्तेजो दुर्धरश्चाकृतात्मभिः ।
धर्माद्विचलितं हन्ति नृपं एव सबान्धवम् । । ७.२८ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
29
Next it will afflict his castles, his territories, the whole world together with the movable and immovable (creation), likewise the sages and the gods, who (on the failure of offerings) ascend to the sky.
- ततो दुर्गं च राष्ट्रं च लोकं च सचराचरम् ।
अन्तरिक्षगतांश्चैव मुनीन्देवांश्च पीडयेत् । । ७.२९ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
30
(Punishment) cannot be inflicted justly by one who has no assistant, (nor) by a fool, (nor) by a covetous man, (nor) by one whose mind is unimproved, (nor) by one addicted to sensual pleasures.
- सोऽसहायेन मूढेन लुब्धेनाकृतबुद्धिना ।
न शक्यो न्यायतो नेतुं सक्तेन विषयेषु च । । ७.३० । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
31
By him who is pure (and) faithful to his promise, who acts according to the Institutes (of the sacred law), who has good assistants and is wise, punishment can be (justly) inflicted.
- शुचिना सत्यसंधेन यथाशास्त्रानुसारिणा ।
प्रणेतुं शक्यते दण्डः सुसहायेन धीमता । । ७.३१ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
32
Let him act with justice in his own domain, with rigour chastise his enemies, behave without duplicity towards his friends, and be lenient towards Brahmanas.
- स्वराष्ट्रे न्यायवृत्तः स्याद्भृशदण्डश्च शत्रुषु ।
सुहृत्स्वजिह्मः स्निग्धेषु ब्राह्मणेषु क्षमान्वितः । । ७.३२ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
33
The fame of a king who behaves thus, even though he subsist by gleaning, is spread in the world, like a drop of oil on water.
- एवंवृत्तस्य नृपतेः शिलोञ्छेनापि जीवतः ।
विस्तीर्यते यशो लोके तैलबिन्दुरिवाम्भसि । । ७.३३ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
34
But the fame of a king who acts in a contrary manner and who does not subdue himself, diminishes in extent among men like a drop of clarified butter in water.
- अतस्तु विपरीतस्य नृपतेरजितात्मनः ।
संक्षिप्यते यशो लोके घृतबिन्दुरिवाम्भसि । । ७.३४ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
35
The king has been created (to be) the protector of the castes (varna) and orders, who, all according to their rank, discharge their several duties.
- स्वे स्वे धर्मे निविष्टानां सर्वेषां अनुपूर्वशः ।
वर्णानां आश्रमाणां च राजा सृष्टोऽभिरक्षिता । । ७.३५ । । (Ⅲ)
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7.
36
Whatever must be done by him and by his servants for the protection of his people, that I will fully declare to you in due order.
- तेन यद्यत्सभृत्येन कर्तव्यं रक्षता प्रजाः ।
तत्तद्वोऽहं प्रवक्ष्यामि यथावदनुपूर्वशः । । ७.३६ । । (Ⅲ)
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