The Laws of Manu > Chapter 11

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George Bühler (1886) (Ⅲ)

11. 6

धनानि तु यथाशक्ति विप्रेषु प्रतिपादयेत् ।
वेदवित्सु विविक्तेषु प्रेत्य स्वर्गं समश्नुते । । ११.६ । ।

- One should give, according to one's ability, wealth to Brahmanas learned in the Veda and living alone; (thus) one obtains after death heavenly bliss. (Ⅲ)

11. 7

यस्य त्रैवार्षिकं भक्तं पर्याप्तं भृत्यवृत्तये ।
अधिकं वापि विद्येत स सोमं पातुं अर्हति । । ११.७[०६ं] । ।

- He who may possess (a supply of) food sufficient to maintain those dependant on him during three years or more than that, is worthy to drink the Soma-juice. (Ⅲ)

11. 8

अतः स्वल्पीयसि द्रव्ये यः सोमं पिबति द्विजः ।
स पीतसोमपूर्वोऽपि न तस्याप्नोति तत्फलम् । । ११.८[०७ं] । ।

- But a twice-born man, who, though possessing less than that amount of property, nevertheless drinks the Soma-juice, does not derive any benefit from that (act), though he may have formerly drunk the Soma-juice. (Ⅲ)

11. 9

शक्तः परजने दाता स्वजने दुःखजीविनि ।
मध्वापातो विषास्वादः स धर्मप्रतिरूपकः । । ११.९[०८ं] । ।

- (If) an opulent man (is) liberal towards strangers, while his family lives in distress, that counterfeit virtue will first make him taste the sweets (of fame, but afterwards) make him swallow the poison (of punishment in hell). (Ⅲ)

11. 10

भृत्यानां उपरोधेन यत्करोत्यौर्ध्वदेहिकम् ।
तद्भवत्यसुखोदर्कं जीवतश्च मृतस्य च । । ११.१०[०९ं] । ।

- If (a man) does anything for the sake of his happiness in another world, to the detriment of those whom he is bound to maintain, that produces evil results for him, both while he lives and when he is dead. (Ⅲ)

11. 11

यज्ञश्चेत्प्रतिरुद्धः स्यादेकेनाङ्गेन यज्वनः ।
ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषेन धार्मिके सति राजनि । । ११.११[१०ं] । ।

- If a sacrifice, (offered) by (any twice-born) sacrificer, (and) especially by a Brahmana, must remain incomplete through (the want of) one requisite, while a righteous king rules, (Ⅲ)

11. 12

यो वैश्यः स्याद्बहुपशुर्हीनक्रतुरसोमपः ।
कुटुम्बात्तस्य तद्द्रव्यं आहरेद्यज्ञसिद्धये । । ११.१२[११ं] । ।

- That article (required) for the completion of the sacrifice, may be taken (forcibly) from the house of any Vaisya, who possesses a large number of cattle, (but) neither performs the (minor) sacrifices nor drinks the Soma-juice; (Ⅲ)

11. 13

आहरेत्त्रीणि वा द्वे वा कामं शूद्रस्य वेश्मनः ।
न हि शूद्रस्य यज्ञेषु कश्चिदस्ति परिग्रहः । । ११.१३[१२ं] । ।

- (Or) the (sacrificer) may take at his pleasure two or three (articles required for a sacrifice) from the house of a Sudra; for a Sudra has no business with sacrifices. (Ⅲ)

11. 1

सान्तानिकं यक्ष्यमाणं अध्वगं सार्ववेदसम् ।
गुर्वर्थं पितृमात्रर्थं स्वाध्यायार्थ्युपतापिनः । । ११.१ । ।

- Him who wishes (to marry for the sake of having) offspring, him who wishes to perform a sacrifice, a traveller, him who has given away all his property, him who begs for the sake of his teacher, his father, or his mother, a student of the Veda, and a sick man, (Ⅲ)

11. 2

न वै तान्स्नातकान्विद्याद्ब्राह्मणान्धर्मभिक्षुकान् ।
निःस्वेभ्यो देयं एतेभ्यो दानं विद्याविशेषतः । । ११.२ । ।

- These nine Brahmanas one should consider as Snatakas, begging in order to fulfil the sacred law; to such poor men gifts must be given in proportion to their learning. (Ⅲ)

11. 3

एतेभ्यो हि द्विजाग्र्येभ्यो देयं अन्नं सदक्षिणम् ।
इतरेभ्यो बहिर्वेदि कृतान्नं देयं उच्यते । । ११.३ । ।

- To these most excellent among the twice-born, food and presents (of money) must be given; it is declared that food must be given to others outside the sacrificial enclosure. (Ⅲ)

11. 4

सर्वरत्नानि राजा तु यथार्हं प्रतिपादयेत् ।
ब्राह्मणान्वेदविदुषो यज्ञार्थं चैव दक्षिणाम् । । ११.४ । ।

- But a king shall bestow, as is proper, jewels of all sorts, and presents for the sake of sacrifices on Brahmanas learned in the Vedas. (Ⅲ)

11. 5

कृतदारोऽपरान्दारान्भिक्षित्वा योऽधिगच्छति ।
रतिमात्रं फलं तस्य द्रव्यदातुस्तु संततिः । । ११.५ । ।

- If a man who has a wife weds a second wife, having begged money (to defray the marriage expenses, he obtains) no advantage but sensual enjoyment; but the issue (of his second marriage belongs) to the giver of the money. (Ⅲ)

11. 14

योऽनाहिताग्निः शतगुरयज्वा च सहस्रगुः ।
तयोरपि कुटुम्बाभ्यां आहरेदविचारयन् । । ११.१४[१३ं] । ।

- If (a man) possessing one hundred cows, kindles not the sacred fire, or one possessing a thousand cows, drinks not the Soma-juice, a (sacrificer) may unhesitatingly take (what he requires) from the houses of those two, even (though they be Brahmanas or Kshatriyas); (Ⅲ)

11. 15

आदाननित्याच्चादातुराहरेदप्रयच्छतः ।
तथा यशोऽस्य प्रथते धर्मश्चैव प्रवर्धते । । ११.१५[१४ं] । ।

- (Or) he may take (it by force or fraud) from one who always takes and never gives, and who refuses to give it; thus the fame (of the taker) will spread and his merit increase. (Ⅲ)

11. 16

तथाऐव सप्तमे भक्ते भक्तानि षडनश्नता ।
अश्वस्तनविधानेन हर्तव्यं हीनकर्मणः । । ११.१६[१५ं] । ।

- Likewise he who has not eaten at (the time of) six meals, may take at (the time of) the seventh meal (food) from a man who neglects his sacred duties, without (however) making a provision for the morrow, (Ⅲ)

11. 52

एवं कर्मविशेषेण जायन्ते सद्विगर्हिताः ।
जडमूकान्धबधिरा विकृताकृतयस्तथा । । ११.५२[५१ं] । ।

- The stealer of a lamp will become blind; he who extinguishes it will become one-eyed; injury (to sentient beings) is punished by general sickliness; an adulterer (will have) swellings (in his limbs). (Ⅲ)

11. 53

चरितव्यं अतो नित्यं प्रायश्चित्तं विशुद्धये ।
निन्द्यैर्हि लक्षणैर्युक्ता जायन्तेऽनिष्कृतैनसः । । ११.५३[५२ं] । ।

- Thus in consequence of a remnant of (the guilt of former) crimes, are born idiots, dumb, blind, deaf, and deformed men, who are (all) despised by the virtuous. (Ⅲ)

11. 54

ब्रह्महत्या सुरापानं स्तेयं गुर्वङ्गनागमः ।
महान्ति पातकान्याहुः संसर्गश्चापि तैः सह । । ११.५४[५३ं] । ।

- Penances, therefore, must always be performed for the sake of purification, because those whose sins have not been expiated, are born (again) with disgraceful marks. (Ⅲ)

11. 55

अनृतं च समुत्कर्षे राजगामि च पैशुनम् ।
गुरोश्चालीकनिर्बन्धः समानि ब्रह्महत्यया । । ११.५५[५४ं] । ।

- Killing a Brahmana, drinking (the spirituous liquor called) Sura, stealing (the gold of a Brahmana), adultery with a Guru's wife, and associating with such (offenders), they declare (to be) mortal sins (mahapataka). (Ⅲ)

11. 56

ब्रह्मोज्झता वेदनिन्दा कौटसाक्ष्यं सुहृद्वधः ।
गर्हितानाद्ययोर्जग्धिः सुरापानसमानि षट् । । ११.५६[५५ं] । ।

- Falsely attributing to oneself high birth, giving information to the king (regarding a crime), and falsely accusing one's teacher, (are offences) equal to slaying a Brahmana. (Ⅲ)

11. 57

निक्षेपस्यापहरणं नराश्वरजतस्य च ।
भूमिवज्रमणीनां च रुक्मस्तेयसमं स्मृतम् । । ११.५७[५६ं] । ।

- Forgetting the Veda, reviling the Vedas, giving false evidence, slaying a friend, eating forbidden food, or (swallowing substances) unfit for food, are six (offences) equal to drinking Sura. (Ⅲ)

11. 58

रेतःसेकः स्वयोनीषु कुमारीष्वन्त्यजासु च ।
सख्युः पुत्रस्य च स्त्रीषु गुरुतल्पसमं विदुः । । ११.५८[५७ं] । ।

- Stealing a deposit, or men, a horse, and silver, land, diamonds and (other) gems, is declared to be equal to stealing the gold (of a Brahmana). (Ⅲ)

11. 59

गोवधोऽयाज्यसंयाज्यं पारदार्यात्मविक्रयः ।
गुरुमातृपितृत्यागः स्वाध्यायाग्न्योः सुतस्य च । । ११.५९[५८ं] । ।

- Carnal intercourse with sisters by the same mother, with (unmarried) maidens, with females of the lowest castes, with the wives of a friend, or of a son, they declare to be equal to the violation of a Guru's bed. (Ⅲ)

11. 60

परिवित्तितानुजेऽनूढे परिवेदनं एव च ।
तयोर्दानं च कन्यायास्तयोरेव च याजनम् । । ११.६०[५९ं] । ।

- Slaying kine, sacrificing for those who are unworthy to sacrifice, adultery, selling oneself, casting off one's teacher, mother, father, or son, giving up the (daily) study of the Veda, and neglecting the (sacred domestic) fire, (Ⅲ)

11. 61

कन्याया दूषणं चैव वार्धुष्यं व्रतलोपनम् ।
तडागारामदाराणां अपत्यस्य च विक्रयः । । ११.६१[६०ं] । ।

- Allowing one's younger brother to marry first, marrying before one's elder brother, giving a daughter to, or sacrificing for, (either brother), (Ⅲ)

11. 62

व्रात्यता बान्धवत्यागो भृत्याध्यापनं एव च ।
भृत्या चाध्ययनादानं अपण्यानां च विक्रयः । । ११.६२[६१ं] । ।

- Defiling a damsel, usury, breaking a vow, selling a tank, a garden, one's wife, or child, (Ⅲ)

11. 17

खलात्क्षेत्रादगाराद्वा यतो वाप्युपलभ्यते ।
आख्यातव्यं तु तत्तस्मै पृच्छते यदि पृच्छति । । ११.१७[१६ं] । ।

- Either from the threshing-floor, or from a field, or out of the house, or wherever he finds it; but if (the owner) asks him, he must confess to him that (deed and its cause). (Ⅲ)

11. 18

ब्राह्मणस्वं न हर्तव्यं क्षत्रियेण कदा चन ।
दस्युनिष्क्रिययोस्तु स्वं अजीवन्हर्तुं अर्हति । । ११.१८[१७ं] । ।

- (On such occasions) a Kshatriya must never take the property of a (virtuous Brahmana; but he who is starving may appropriate the possessions of a Dasyu, or of one who neglects his sacred duties. (Ⅲ)

11. 19

योऽसाधुभ्योऽर्थं आदाय साधुभ्यः संप्रयच्छति ।
स कृत्वा प्लवं आत्मानं संतारयति तावुभौ । । ११.१९[१८ं] । ।

- He who takes property from the wicked and bestows it on the virtuous, transforms himself into a boat, and carries both (over the sea of misfortune). (Ⅲ)

11. 20

यद्धनं यज्ञशीलानां देवस्वं तद्विदुर्बुधाः ।
अयज्वनां तु यद्वित्तं आसुरस्वं तदुच्यते । । ११.२०[१९ं] । ।

- The property of those who zealously offer sacrifices, the wise call the property of the gods; but the wealth of those who perform no sacrifices is called the property of the Asuras. (Ⅲ)

11. 21

न तस्मिन्धारयेद्दण्डं धार्मिकः पृथिवीपतिः ।
क्षत्रियस्य हि बालिश्याद्ब्राह्मणः सीदति क्षुधा । । ११.२१[२०ं] । ।

- On him (who, for the reasons stated, appropriates another's possessions), a righteous king shall not inflict punishment; for (in that case) a Brahmana pines with hunger through the Kshatriya's want of care. (Ⅲ)

11. 22

तस्य भृत्यजनं ज्ञात्वा स्वकुटुम्बान्महीपतिः ।
श्रुतशीले च विज्ञाय वृत्तिं धर्म्यां प्रकल्पयेत् । । ११.२२[२१ं] । ।

- Having ascertained the number of those dependent on such a man, and having fully considered his learning and his conduct, the king shall allow him, out of his own property, a maintenance whereon he may live according to the law; (Ⅲ)

11. 23

कल्पयित्वास्य वृत्तिं च रक्षेदेनं समन्ततः ।
राजा हि धर्मषड्भागं तस्मात्प्राप्नोति रक्षितात् । । ११.२३[२२ं] । ।

- And after allotting to him a maintenance, the king must protect him in every way; for he obtains from such (a man) whom he protects, the part of his spiritual merit. (Ⅲ)

11. 24

न यज्ञार्थं धनं शूद्राद्विप्रो भिक्षेत कर्हि चित् ।
यजमानो हि भिक्षित्वा चण्डालः प्रेत्य जायते । । ११.२४[२३ं] । ।

- A Brahmana shall never beg from a Sudra property for a sacrifice; for a sacrificer, having begged (it from such a man), after death is born (again) as a Kandala. (Ⅲ)

11. 25

याज्ञार्थं अर्थं भिक्षित्वा यो न सर्वं प्रयच्छति ।
स याति भासतां विप्रः काकतां वा शतं समाः । । ११.२५[२४ं] । ।

- A Brahmana who, having begged any property for a sacrifice, does not use the whole (for that purpose), becomes for a hundred years a (vulture of the kind called) Bhasa, or a crow. (Ⅲ)

11. 26

देवस्वं ब्राह्मणस्वं वा लोभेनोपहिनस्ति यः ।
स पापात्मा परे लोके गृध्रोच्छिष्टेन जीवति । । ११.२६[२५ं] । ।

- That sinful man, who, through covetousness, seizes the property of the gods, or the property of Brahmanas, feeds in another world on the leavings of vultures. (Ⅲ)

11. 27

इष्टिं वैश्वानरीं नित्यं निर्वपेदब्दपर्यये ।
क्ल्प्तानां पशुसोमानां निष्कृत्यर्थं असंभवे । । ११.२७[२६ं] । ।

- In case the prescribed animal and Soma-sacrifices cannot be performed, let him always offer at the change of the year a Vaisvanari Ishti as a penance (for the omission). (Ⅲ)

11. 28

आपत्कल्पेन यो धर्मं कुरुतेऽनापदि द्विजः ।
स नाप्नोति फलं तस्य परत्रेति विचारितम् । । ११.२८[२७ं] । ।

- But a twice-born, who, without being in distress, performs his duties according to the law for times of distress, obtains no reward for them in the next world; that is the opinion (of the sages). (Ⅲ)

11. 29

विश्वैश्च देवैः साध्यैश्च ब्राह्मणैश्च महर्षिभिः ।
आपत्सु मरणाद्भीतैर्विधेः प्रतिनिधिः कृतः । । ११.२९[२८ं] । ।

- By the Visve-devas, by the Sadhyas, and by the great sages (of the) Brahmana (caste), who were afraid of perishing in times of distress, a substitute was made for the (principal) rule. (Ⅲ)

11. 30

प्रभुः प्रथमकल्पस्य योऽनुकल्पेन वर्तते ।
न सांपरायिकं तस्य दुर्मतेर्विद्यते फलम् । । ११.३०[२९ं] । ।

- That evil-minded man, who, being able (to fulfil) the original law, lives according to the secondary rule, reaps no reward for that after death. (Ⅲ)

11. 31

न ब्राह्मणो वेदयेत किं चिद्राजनि धर्मवित् ।
स्ववीर्येणैव ताञ् शिष्यान्मानवानपकारिणः । । ११.३१[३०ं] । ।

- A Brahmana who knows the law need not bring any (offence) to the notice of the king; by his own power alone be can punish those men who injure him. (Ⅲ)

11. 32

स्ववीर्याद्राजवीर्याच्च स्ववीर्यं बलवत्तरम् ।
तस्मात्स्वेनैव वीर्येण निगृह्णीयादरीन्द्विजः । । ११.३२[३१ं] । ।

- His own power is greater than the power of the king; the Brahmana therefore, may punish his foes by his own power alone. (Ⅲ)

11. 33

श्रुतीरथर्वाङ्गिरसीः कुर्यादित्यविचारयन् ।
वाक्शस्त्रं वै ब्राह्मणस्य तेन हन्यादरीन्द्विजः । । ११.३३[३२ं] । ।

- Let him use without hesitation the sacred texts, revealed by Atharvan and by Angiras; speech, indeed, is the weapon of the Brahmana, with that he may slay his enemies. (Ⅲ)

11. 34

क्षत्रियो बाहुवीर्येण तरेदापदं आत्मनः ।
धनेन वैश्यशूद्रौ तु जपहोमैर्द्विजोत्तमः । । ११.३४[३३ं] । ।

- A Kshatriya shall pass through misfortunes which have befallen him by the strength of his arms, a Vaisya and a Sudra by their wealth, the chief of the twice-born by muttered prayers and burnt-oblations. (Ⅲ)

11. 35

विधाता शासिता वक्ता मैत्रो ब्राह्मण उच्यते ।
तस्मै नाकुशलं ब्रूयान्न शुष्कां गिरं ईरयेत् । । ११.३५[३४ं] । ।

- The Brahmana is declared (to be) the creator (of the world), the punisher, the teacher, (and hence) a benefactor (of all created beings); to him let no man say anything unpropitious, nor use any harsh words. (Ⅲ)

11. 36

न वै कन्या न युवतिर्नाल्पविद्यो न बालिशः ।
होता स्यादग्निहोत्रस्य नार्तो नासंस्कृतस्तथा । । ११.३६[३५ं] । ।

- Neither a girl, nor a (married) young woman, nor a man of little learning, nor a fool, nor a man in great suffering, nor one uninitiated, shall offer an Agnihotra. (Ⅲ)

11. 37

नरके हि पतन्त्येते जुह्वन्तः स च यस्य तत् ।
तस्माद्वैतानकुशलो होता स्याद्वेदपारगः । । ११.३७[३६ं] । ।

- For such (persons) offering a burnt-oblation sink into hell, as well as he to whom that (Agnihotra) belongs; hence the person who sacrifices (for another) must be skilled in (the performance of) Vaitana (rites), and know the whole Veda. (Ⅲ)

11. 38

प्राजापत्यं अदत्त्वाश्वं अग्न्याधेयस्य दक्षिणाम् ।
अनाहिताग्निर्भवति ब्राह्मणो विभवे सति । । ११.३८[३७ं] । ।

- A Brahmana who, though wealthy, does not give, as fee for the performance of an Agnyadheya, a horse sacred to Pragapati, becomes (equal to one) who has not kindled the sacred fires. (Ⅲ)

11. 39

पुण्यान्यन्यानि कुर्वीत श्रद्दधानो जितेन्द्रियः ।
न त्वल्पदक्षिणैर्यज्ञैर्यजेतेह कथं चन । । ११.३९[३८ं] । ।

- Let him who has faith and controls his senses perform other meritorious acts, but let him on no account offer sacrifices at which he gives smaller fees (than those prescribed). (Ⅲ)

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