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2.
i
ॐ ब्र॒ह्म॒विदा॑प्नोति॒ पर॑म् । तदे॒षाऽभु॑क्ता ।
स॒त्यं ज्ञा॒नम॑न॒न्तं ब्रह्म॑ । यो वे॑द॒ निहि॑तं॒ गुहा॒यां पर॒मे व्यो॑मन् ।
सोऽश्नुते सर्वान् कामान्त्सह । ब्रह्मणा विपश्चितेति ॥
- May He protect us both together. May He nourish us both together. May we both acquire strength together. Let our study be brilliant. May we not cavil at each other. Om! Peace! Peace! Peace! (Ⅰ)
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2.
i-1
तस्माद्वा एतस्मादात्मन आकाशः सम्भूतः । आकाशाद्वायुः ।
वायोरग्निः । अग्नेरापः । अद्भ्यः पृथिवी ।
पृ॒थि॒व्या ओष॑धयः । ओष॑धी॒भ्योन्न॑म् । अन्ना॒त्पुरु॑षः ।
स वा एष पुरुषोऽन्न्नरसमयः ।
तस्येदमेव शिरः ।
अयं दक्षि॑णः प॒क्षः । अयमुत्त॑रः प॒क्षः ।
अयमात्मा । इदं पुच्छं प्रतिष्ठा ।
तदप्येष श्लो॑को भ॒वति ॥ १॥ इति प्रथमोऽनुवाकः ॥
- The knower of Brahman attains the highest. Here is a verse uttering that very fact: "Brahman is truth, knowledge, and infinite. He who knows that Brahman as existing in the intellect, lodged in the supreme space in the heart, enjoys, as identified with the all - knowing Brahman, all desirable things simultaneously. From that Brahman, which is the Self, was produced space. From space emerged air. From air was born fire. From fire was created water. From water sprang up earth. From earth were born the herbs. From the herbs was produced food. From food was born man. That man, such as he is, is a product of the essence of food. Of him this indeed, is the head, this is the southern side; this is the northern side; this is the Self; this is the stabilising tail. Here is a verse pertaining to that very fact: (Ⅰ)
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2.
ii-1
अन्ना॒द्वै प्र॒जाः प्र॒जाय॑न्ते । याः काश्च॑ पृथि॒वी
श्रिताः ।
अथो अन्नेनैव जीवन्ति । अथैनदीप यन्त्यन्ततः ।
अन्न हि भूतानां ज्येष्ठम् । तस्मात् सर्वौषधमुच्यते ।
सर्वं वै तेऽन्नमाप्नुवन्ति । येऽन्नं ब्रह्मोपासते ।
अन्न हि भूतानां ज्येष्ठम् । तस्मात् सर्वौषधमुच्यते ।
अन्नाद् भूतानि जायन्ते । जातान्यन्नेन वर्धन्ते ।
अद्यतेऽत्ति च भूतानि । तस्मादन्नं तदुच्यत इति ।
तस्माद्वा एतस्मादन्नरसमयात् । अन्योऽन्तर आत्मा प्राणमयः ।
तेनैष पूर्णः । स वा एष पुरुषविध एव ।
तस्य पुरुषविधताम् । अन्वयं पुरुषविधः ।
तस्य प्राण एव शिरः । व्यानो दक्षिणः पक्षः ।
अपान उत्तरः पक्षः । आकाश आत्मा ।
पृथिवी पुच्छं प्रतिष्ठा । तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ १॥
- All beings that rest on the earth are born verily from food. Besides, they live on food, and at the end, they get merged in food. Food was verily born before all creatures; therefore it is called the medicine for all, those who worship food as Brahman acquire all the food. Food was verily born before all creatures; therefore it is called the medicine for all. Creatures are born of food; being born, they grow by food. Since it is eaten and it eats the creatures, it is called food. As compared with this self made of the essence of food, as said before, there is another inner self which is made of air. By that is this one filled. This Self is also of the human form. Its human form takes after the human form of that (earlier one). Of this, Prana is the head, Vyana is the southern side, Apana is the northern side, space is the self, the earth is the tail that stabilises. Pertaining to that is this (following) verse: (Ⅰ)
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2.
iii-1
प्रा॒णं दे॒वा अनु॒ प्राण॑न्ति । म॒नु॒ष्याः॑ प॒शव॑श्च॒ ये ।
प्राणो हि भूतानामायुः । तस्मात् सर्वायुषमुच्यते ।
सर्वमेव त आयुर्यन्ति । ये प्राणं ब्रह्मोपासते ।
प्राणो हि भूतानामायुः । तस्मात् सर्वायुषमुच्यत इति ।
तस्यैष एव शारीर आत्मा । यः पूर्वस्य ।
तस्माद्वा एतस्मात् प्राणमयात् । अन्योऽन्तर आत्मा मनोमयः ।
तेनैष पूर्णः । स वा एष पुरुषविध एव ।
तस्य पुरुषविधताम् । अन्वयं पुरुषविधः ।
तस्य यजुरेव शिरः । ऋग्दक्षिणः पक्षः । सामोत्तरः पक्षः ।
आदेश आत्मा । अथर्वाङ्गिरसः पुच्छं प्रतिष्ठा ।
तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ १॥ इति तृतीयोऽनुवाकः ॥
- The senses act by following the vital force in the mouth; all human beings and animals that are there act similarly; since on the vital force depends the life of all creatures, therefore it is called the life of all; those who worship the vital force as Brahman, attain the full span of life; since on the vital force depends the life of all, it is called the life of all. Of the preceding (physical) one, this one, indeed, is the embodied self. As compared with this vital body, there is another internal self constituted by mind. By that one is this one filled up. That self constituted by mind is also of a human shape. The human shape of the mental body takes after the human shape of the vital body. Of the mental body, the Yajur-mantras are the head. The Rig-mantras are the right side, the Sama-mantras are the left side, the Brahmana portion is the self (trunk), the mantras seen by Atharvangiras are the stabilising tail. Pertaining to this there is a verse: (Ⅰ)
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2.
iv-1
यतो॒ वाचो॒ निव॑र्तन्ते । अप्रा॑प्य॒ मन॑सा स॒ह ।
आनन्दं ब्रह्मणो विद्वान् । न बिभेति कदाचनेति ।
तस्यैष एव शारीर आत्मा । यः पूर्वस्य ।
तस्माद्वा एतस्मान्मनोमयात् । अन्योऽन्तर आत्मा विज्ञानमयः ।
तेनैष पूर्णः । स वा एष पुरुषविध एव ।
तस्य पुरुषविधताम् ।
अन्वयं पुरुषविधः । तस्य श्रद्धैव शिरः ।
ऋतं दक्षिणः पक्षः ।
सत्यमुत्तरः पक्षः । योग आत्मा । महः पुच्छं प्रतिष्ठा ।
तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ १॥ इति चतुर्थोऽनुवाकः ॥
- One is not subjected to fear at any time if one knows the Bliss that is Brahman failing to reach which (Brahman, as conditioned by the mind), words, along with the mind, turn back. Of that preceding (vital) one, this (mental one is verily the embodied self. As compared with this mental body, there is another internal self constituted by valid knowledge. By that one is this one filled up. This one as aforesaid, has verily a human shape. It is humanly shaped in accordance with the human shape of the earlier one. Of him faith is verily the head; righteousness is the right side; truth is the left side; concentration is the self (trunk); (the principle, called) Mahat, is the stabilising tail. Pertaining to this, here is a verse: (Ⅰ)
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2.
v-1
वि॒ज्ञानं॑ य॒ज्ञं त॑नुते । कर्मा॑णि तनु॒तेऽपि॑ च ।
विज्ञानं देवाः सर्वे ।
ब्रह्म ज्येष्ठमुपासते । विज्ञानं ब्रह्म चेद्वेद ।
तस्मा॒च्चेन्न प्रमाद्यति । शरीरे॑ पाप्म॑नो हि॒त्वा ।
सर्वान्कामान् त्समश्नुत इति । तस्यैष एव शारीर आत्मा ।
यः॑ पूर्व॒स्य । तस्माद्वा एतस्माद्विज्ञान॒मयात् ।
अन्योऽन्तर आत्माऽऽनन्दमयः । तेनैष पूर्णः ।
स वा एष पुरुषवि॑ध ए॒व । तस्य पुरु॑षवि॒धताम् ।
अन्वयं पुरुषविधः । तस्य प्रियमेव शिरः । मोदो दक्षिणः पक्षः ।
प्रमोद उत्त॑रः प॒क्षः । आन॑न्द आ॒त्मा । ब्रह्म पुच्छं प्रति॒ष्ठा ।
तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ १॥ इति पञ्चमोऽनुवाकः ॥
- Knowledge actualises a sacrifice, and it executes the duties as well. All the gods meditate on the first-born Brahman, conditioned by knowledge. If one knows the knowledge-Brahman, and if one does not err about it, one abandons all sins in the body and fully enjoys all enjoyable things. Of that preceding (mental) one this (cognitive one) is verily the embodied self. As compared with this cognitive body, there is another internal self constituted by bliss. By that one is this one filled up. This one, as aforesaid, has verily a human shape. It is humanly shaped in accordance with the human shape of the earlier one. Of him joy is verily the head, enjoyment is the right side, hilarity is the left side; bliss is the self (trunk). Brahman is the tail that stabilises. Apropos of this here is a verse: (Ⅰ)
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2.
vi-1
अस॑न्ने॒व स॑ भवति । अस॒द्ब्रह्मेति॒ वेद॒ चेत् ।
अस्ति ब्रह्मेति चेद्वेद । सन्तमेनं ततो विदुरिति ।
तस्यैष एव शारीर आत्मा । यः पूर्वस्य ।
अथातोऽनुप्रश्नाः । उताविद्वानमुं लोकं प्रेत्य ।
कश्चन गच्छती३This is a mark for prolonging the vowel in the form । अऽऽ ।
आहो विद्वानमुं लोकं प्रेत्य कश्चित्समश्नुता३ उ । सोऽकामयत ।
बहु स्यां प्रजायेयेति । स तपोऽतप्यत । स तपस्तप्त्वा ।
इद सर्वमसृजत । यदिदं किञ्च । तत्सृष्ट्वा ।
तदेवानुप्राविशत् । तदनु प्रविश्य । सच्च त्यच्चाभवत् ।
निरुक्तं चानिरुक्तं च । निलयनं चानिलयनं च ।
विज्ञानं चाविज्ञानं च । सत्यं चानृतं च सत्यमभवत् ।
यदिदं किञ्च । तत्सत्यमित्याचक्षते ।
तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ १॥ इति षष्ठोऽनुवाकः ॥
- If anyone knows Brahman as non-existing, he himself becomes non-existent. If anyone knows that Brahman does exist, then they consider him as existing by virtue of that (knowledge). Of that preceding (blissful) one, this one is the embodied self. Hence hereafter follow these questions: After departing (from here) does any ignorant man go to the other world (or does he not)? Alternatively, does any man of knowledge, after departing (from here) reach the other world (or does he not)? He (the Self) wished, "Let me be many, let me be born. He undertook a deliberation. Having deliberated, he created all this that exists. That (Brahman), having created (that), entered into that very thing. And having entered there, It became the formed and the formless, the defined and the undefined, the sustaining and the non-sustaining, the sentient and the insentient, the true and the untrue. Truth became all this that there is. They call that Brahman Truth. Pertaining to this, there occurs this verse: (Ⅰ)
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2.
vii-1
अस॒द्वा इ॒दमग्र॑ आसीत् । ततो॒ वै सद॑जायत ।
तदात्मान स्वयमकुरुत ।
तस्मात्तत्सुकृतमुच्यत इति ।
यद्वै॑ तत् सु॒कृतम् । र॑सो वै॒ सः ।
रस ह्येवायं लब्ध्वाऽऽनन्दी भवति । को ह्येवान्यात्कः
प्राण्यात् । यदेष आकाश आनन्दो न स्यात् ।
एष ह्येवाऽऽनन्दयाति ।
यदा ह्येवैष एतस्मिन्नदृश्येऽनात्म्येऽनिरुक्तेऽनिलयनेऽभयं
प्रति॑ष्ठां वि॒न्दते । अथ सोऽभयं ग॑तो भ॒वति ।
यदा ह्येवैष एतस्मिन्नुदरमन्तरं कुरुते ।
अथ तस्य भयं भवति । तत्वेव भयं विदुषोऽमन्वानस्य ।
तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ १॥ इति सप्तमोऽनुवाकः ॥
- In the beginning all this was but the Un-manifested (Brahman). From that emerged the manifested. That Brahman created Itself by Itself. Therefore It is called the self-creator. That which is known as the self-creator is verily the source of joy; for one becomes happy by coming in contact with that source of joy. Who, indeed, will inhale, and who will exhale, if this Bliss be not there in the supreme space (within the heart). This one, indeed, enlivens (people). For whenever an aspirant gets fearlessly established in this un-perceivable, bodiless, inexpressible, and un-supporting Brahman, he reaches the state of fearlessness. For, whenever the aspirant creates the slightest difference in It, he is smitten with fear. Nevertheless, that very Brahman is a terror to the (so-called) learned man who lacks the unitive outlook. Illustrative of this is this verse here: (Ⅰ)
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2.
viii-1-4
भी॒षाऽस्मा॒द्वातः॑ पवते । भी॒षोदे॑ति॒ सूर्यः॑ ।
भीषाऽस्मादग्निश्चेन्द्रश्च । मृत्युर्धावति पञ्चम इति ।
सैषाऽऽनन्दस्य मीमा सा भवति ।
युवा स्यात्साधुयुवाऽध्यायकः ।
आशिष्ठो दृढिष्ठो बलिष्ठः ।
तस्येयं पृथिवी सर्वा वित्तस्य पूर्णा स्यात् ।
स एको मानुष आनन्दः । ते ये शतं मानुषा आनन्दाः ॥ १॥
(2) स एको मनुष्यगन्धर्वाणा॑मान॒न्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकाम॑हत॒स्य ।
ते ये शतं मनुष्यगन्धर्वाणामानन्दाः ।
स एको देवगन्धर्वाणा॑मान॒न्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकाम॑हत॒स्य ।
ते ये शतं देवगन्धर्वाणामानन्दाः ।
स एकः पितृणां चिरलोकलोकानामानन्दः ।
श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य ।
ते ये शतं पितृणां चिरलोकलोकानामानन्दाः ।
स एक आजानजानां देवाना॑मान॒न्दः ॥ २॥
(3) श्रोत्रियस्य चाकाम॑हत॒स्य ।
ते ये शतं आजानजानां देवानामानन्दाः ।
स एकः कर्मदेवानां देवानामानन्दः ।
ये कर्मणा देवानपियन्ति । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य ।
ते ये शतं कर्मदेवानां देवानामानन्दाः ।
स एको देवानामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य ।
ते ये शतं देवानामानन्दाः । स एक इन्द्रस्याऽऽनन्दः ॥ ३॥
(4) श्रोत्रियस्य चाकाम॑हत॒स्य । ते ये शतमिन्द्र॑स्याऽऽन॒न्दाः ।
स एको बृहस्पतेरानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य ।
ते ये शतं बृहस्पतेरानन्दाः । स एकः प्रजापतेरानन्दः ।
श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य ।
ते ये शतं प्रजापते॑रान॒न्दाः ।
स एको ब्रह्मण आनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य ॥ ४॥
- Out of His fear the Wind blows. Out of fear the Sun rises. Out of His fear runs Fire, as also Indra, and Death, the fifth. This, then, is an evaluation of that Bliss: Suppose there is a young man - in the prime of life, good, learned, most expeditious, most strongly built, and most energetic. Suppose there lies this earth for him filled with wealth. This will be one unit of human joy. If this human joy be multiplied a hundred times, it is one joy of the man-Gandharvas, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires. If this joy of the man-Gandharvas be multiplied a hundred times, it is one joy of the divine-Gandharvas, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires. If the joy of the divine-Gandharvas be increased a hundredfold, it is one joy of the manes whose world is everlasting, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires. If the joy of the manes that dwell in the everlasting world be increased a hundredfold, it is one joy of those that are born as gods in heaven, and so also of a follower of the Vedas untouched by desires. If the joy of those that are born as gods in heaven be multiplied a hundredfold, it is one joy of the gods called the Karma-Devas, who reach the gods through Vedic rites, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires. If the joy of the gods, called the Karma-Devas, be multiplied a hundredfold, it is one joy of the gods, and so also of a follower of the Vedas untarnished by desires. If the joy of the gods be increased a hundred times, it is one joy of Indra, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires. If the joy of Indra be multiplied a hundredfold, it is one joy of Brihaspati and so also of a follower of the Vedas unaffected by desires. If the joy of Brihaspati be increased a hundred times, it is one joy of Virat, and so also of a follower of the Vedas untarnished by desires. If the joy of Virat be multiplied a hundred times, it is one joy of Hiranyagarbha, and so also of a follower of the Vedas unsullied by desires. (Ⅰ)
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2.
viii-5
स यश्चा॑यं पु॒रुषे । यश्चासा॑वादि॒त्ये । स एकः॑ ।
स य एवंवित् । अस्माल्लोकात्प्रेत्य ।
एतमन्नमयमात्मानमुप॑सङ्क्रा॒मति ।
एतं प्राणमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति ।
एतं मनोमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति ।
एतं विज्ञानमयमात्मानमुप॑सङ्क्रा॒मति ।
एतमानन्दमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति ।
तदप्येष श्लोको॑ भ॒वति ॥ ५॥ इत्यष्टमोऽनुवाकः ॥
- He that is here in the human person, and He that is there in the sun, are one. He who knows thus attains, after desisting from this world, this self made of food, attains this self made of vital force, attains this self made of mind, attains this self made of intelligence, attains this self made of bliss. Expressive of this there occurs this verse: (Ⅰ)
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2.
ix-1
यतो॒ वाचो॒ निव॑र्तन्ते । अप्रा॑प्य॒ मन॑सा स॒ह ।
आनन्दं ब्रह्मणो विद्वान् ।
न बिभेति कुतश्चनेति ।
एत ह वाव॑ न त॒पति ।
किमह साधु नाकरवम् । किमहं पापमकरवमिति ।
स य एवं विद्वानेते आत्मा॑न स्पृ॒णुते ।
उभे ह्येवैष एते आत्मान स्पृणुते । य एवं वेद ।
इत्युपनिषत् ॥ १॥ इति नवमोऽनुवाकः ॥
- The enlightened man is not afraid of anything after realising that Bliss of Brahman, failing to reach which, words turn back along with the mind. Him, indeed, this remorse does not afflict: "Why did I not perform good deeds, and why did I perform bad deeds? He who is thus enlightened strengthens the Self with which these two are identical; for it is he, indeed, who knows thus, that can strengthen the Self which these two really are. This is the secret teaching. (Ⅰ)
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